How to make HEPES buffer for cell culture?

During cell culture, it is important to maintain a stable pH environment. HEPES (4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid) buffer is widely used in cell culture systems due to its good buffering properties and biocompatibility. Since cell growth and metabolism are very sensitive to pH, small changes in pH may affect cell physiological functions, enzyme activity, and protein synthesis and folding. HEPES buffer can resist the influence of external acids and bases within a certain range and keep the pH of the cell culture environment relatively stable. So how to prepare HEPES buffer solution? Let's take a look.